The only true scene of the oratorio is the annunciation to the shepherds which is taken from the Gospel of Luke. The birth and death of Jesus are told in the words of the prophet Isaiah (the most prominent source for the libretto). The oratorio's structure follows the liturgical year: Part I corresponding with Advent, Christmas, and the life of Jesus Part II with Lent, Easter, the Ascension, and Pentecost and Part III with the end of the church year-dealing with the end of time. Main article: Structure of Handel's Messiah When performed in this way, it usually concludes with "Hallelujah" (chorus) from Part II as the finale. The popular Part I of Messiah is sometimes called the "Christmas" portion as it is frequently performed during Advent in concert, sing-along, or as a Scratch Messiah. Part III concentrates on Paul's teaching of the resurrection of the dead and Christ's glorification in heaven. Part II covers the Passion, death, resurrection, ascension, and the later spreading of the Gospel. His birth is still rendered in words by Isaiah, followed by the annunciation to the shepherds as the only scene from a Gospel in the oratorio, and reflections on the Messiah's deeds. Part I begins with the prophecy of the Messiah and his virgin birth by several prophets, namely Isaiah. This article covers Part I and describes the relation of the musical setting to the text. The wordbook (also called libretto or text) was supplied by Charles Jennens. Messiah ( HWV 56), the English-language oratorio composed by George Frideric Handel in 1741, is structured in three parts.
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